Five Burning Lights in a Dark Universe :: Women Feminism Rights Essays

Five Burning Lights in a Dark Universe The present similarly as the past did holds endless snags for ladies looking for an expert profession. In any case, as a lady of the twentieth century, I am happy to state that the obstructions have diminished through time because of the voices of gallant ladies who set out to talk when every other person held quiet. Numerous progressions happen from the seventeenth century on, financially, strategically and socially; the logical insurgency, the finish of government and outright force, the development of vote based system, and private enterprise are just a couple of those changes. This progressions additionally acquired changes people groups perspectives, uniquely the demeanor about ladies. Since the Greek occasions, society has belittled ladies' latent capacity. Nonetheless, through history ladies have set out to challenge the world, and have spoken up to show the world that ladies are as competent, and capable as men. Aphra Behn, Anne Finch, Margaret Cavendish, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Mary Shelly are five of these ladies from the 17 and 19-century who set out to make some noise, and speak more loudly to tell the entire world about ladies' circumstance and answers for it. Aphra Behn, conceived in 1640, was England's first expert lady essayist. Behn was a white collar class widow who mostly composed for TIME and CLEOS, in Greek or popularity and fortune for us. In a period where ladies were assume to be quiet, unadulterated, and in the private circle or homes dealing with the youngsters and their spouses, a lady set out to challenge society. Behn, tested society not just by venturing into the open circle, distributing her compositions, yet in addition by expounding on ladies' sentiments, wants, dreams and real factors. Behn composed extraordinary verse and we can see her trying thoughts in the title of her sonnets more often than not, and this difficulties become increasingly clear as we read her sonnets. The Willing Mistress, was a clear case of this, since in its stanzas Behn expounds on a lady's sexual wants and wiliness to have sexual relations with a wedded man. We can likewise observe an impression of her thoughts, in her discourse titled Mrs. Gw in, where she censure the sexual orientation philosophy of the time, and furthermore uncovered ladies' circumstance. She contends that no explanation existed for men to keep ladies from composing, administering and battling, with the reason that ladies were powerless and substandard, in light of the fact that ladies have had done it previously.

Custom service free essay sample

Content # 8470 ; 1 The noteworthiness secretaries whined about an inadequacy of gear, including picture and photograph cameras and Dictaphones, which does non let their essentialness administrations to have data about the activity of the imposts areas in cut. On specific events, the vitality administrations are non ready to do this data accessible to writers since it has been characterized by caputs of certain imposts terminuss. The emotional estimation of imposts caputs on writers crucial, piece great as their inability to comprehend the genuine endeavors standing up to the imposts administration in the nation of open dealingss are, orchestrating to the meeting s members, a genuine start of occupations scourging dealingss between the vitality and the imposts administration. For case, Altai imposts terminal translator Olesya Matyukhina recommended that an incredible exchange relies in some cases upon the individual heading an imposts terminal whether its caput is benevolent to columnists and article workplaces or non. In the terminal, the members in the meeting went to a choice that dealingss between the criticalness and the imposts administration should be changed. Columnists must be progressively cautious while overseeing data from imposts areas, while importance administration functionaries need to change over their imposts segment s caput to swear the essentialness. Content # 8470 ; 2 MOSCOW New imposts duties regarding the fare of oil and oil stocks went into result on Monday, with the higher money related worth echelons seeing an expansion in the obligation degree. These cost connected obligations were set a month ago by removal order as an outcome of expanded fiscal qualities on the worldwide market, said Alexei Savenko, mediator with the State Customs Committee. Notwithstanding, the market money related estimation of oil is currently lower than when the declaration was marked one month prior. For representation, the benchmark oil Russia Urals by and by floats at somewhat more than $ 24.50 a boycott el ; at the terminal of November, it exchanged at around $ 30 a barrel. This implies it descended an income improvement section to the 20-euro obligation imposed when oil sells between $ 22.50 and $ 25.00 a barrel. The increases simply come into dramatization when oil sells for more than $ 25 a barrel. Underneath this money related worth, nil adjustments. At the most elevated extraordinary, when the financial estimation of oil is more than $ 32.50, a fare obligation of 48 euros ( $ 45.35 ) per ton, or 6.67 euros per barrel, will be required. This is up from 34 euros for each ton. The obligation at any point relied upon the general money related qualities, said Dmitry Avdeev, an oil expert at United Financial Group, a protections firm. This clasp, however, there is a kind of log jam between the new oil financial worth and the obligation rate. Content # 8470 ; 3 MOSCOW, March 17 ( RIA Novosti ) The Russian Foreign Ministry said Friday it considered the new imposts mandates requiring that all products come ining Ukrayina from Transdnestr have an authority Moldovan stamp a political activity. Orchestrating to the service, Chisinau s reasons for existing were to assume responsibility for all remote monetary exercises of the splitting endlessly Moldovan part, harm the bases of the local spending development and do a cultural emergency. The service said the new statutes disturbed theodolite exchange and transport joins through Transdnestr. bring bringing down losingss on Ukraine, Moldova and southeast Europe. Russia s State Duma and the Foreign Ministry said before that the Ukrainian assurance, made at Chisinau s appeal, would truly harm the Transdnestr monetary framework. What Chisinau and Kiev are looking to appear as an endeavor to define the limit line all together methods nil not exactly the punishment of financial faces on Transdnestr so as to force it to offer up to potential answers for the activity that truly penetrate the tepublic s right to specific situation as specified by worldwide understandings, the Duma articulation said. Russian Parliamentarians said the assurance had harmed the Transdnestr battle settlement by powering political tensenesss around the issue. They other than called for Ukraine and Moldova to raise the new constraints and dispatch exchanges right away, as specified in a 1997 memoranda. An announcement from the Moldovan parliament depicted the situation in the part as perilous and guaranteed that the splitting endlessly part is deliberately blockading any profitable stairss taken by Moldova and different members of the exchange method planned for happening a quiet and finishing up statement to the Transdnestr battle. The parliament other than communicated disappointment that Russia, as an of import segment of the exchange technique, had non reacted fairly. Content # 8470 ; 4 The Federal Customs Service herewith exhorts characteristic people passing via air: I. When go forthing Russia and preceding uncluttering the imposts: 1. Make sure to make full out your ( mandatary ) imposts revelation and follow the rosy channel on the off chance that you are moving in your checkered or lightweight baggage any or the entirety of the undermentioned: Cash in overflow of RUR 50,000.00 ( 500 lower limit awards in similarity with the Federal Statute present as of October 22, 2003 ) . In this example the whole rising above the commanded RUR 50,000.00 is to be put in a sedimentation history with the few Federal Customs Service division as that rising above as far as possible permitted aggregate of RUR 50,000.00 just to be removed from the Russian Federation as a ball sum ; Money ( outside cash and Russian Rubles ) rising above a likeness USD 3,000.00 just however numbering close to USD 10,000.00. Fare of an entirety rising above what could be compared to USD 10,000.00 is permitted at the rate uncovered in the few imposts statement, confirming old bringing of the above total into the Russian Federation ; Protections, installment paperss and instruments are took into account exportation on status of handiness of a Form # 0406007 Certificate gave by an approved bank or on the balance of an imposts presentation as fitting proof of their old bringing into the Russian Federation ; Explorer s Checks if their whole entirety surpasses what might be compared to USD 10,000.00 ( less the aggregate of different assets being traded ) ; Loved metals and shakes in any signifier or region with the prohibition of incidentally sent out adornments, other family focuses or treasured piece ; Guns, ammunition and explosives ( pieces and ammunition for them are sent out skilled to a permit gave by the few Interior Ministry divisions ) ; Opiate drugs, psychotropic substances or their counterparts ; Social resources ( instruments, pictures, figures, symbols, antiquated coins, adornments and requests, postage throws, and different focuses fabricated or gave 50 mature ages back or prior ) are took into account exportation subject to a permit gave by the RF Ministry of Culture or on the balance of an imposts presentation authenticating a previous bringing of these focuses into the Russian Federation ; 2. On the off chance that you have nil to announce there will be no interest for you to make full out an imposts assertion and you can proceed with the green channel. If it's not too much trouble keep up in head that an imposts statement is non-inexhaustible one time lost and no transcripts of the equivalent will be given. Providing bogus data in your imposts affirmation each piece great as inability to proclaim imposts obligation at risk merchandise outcomes in obligation under the present RF Law. Content # 8470 ; 5 Madam , said U.S. Customs Inspector Harry Standish delicately to the blue precise grown-up female whose few packs were scattered detached on the Customs audit even cluster between them, are you very certain you do nt wish to adjust your account? She snapped back: I guess you re proposing I should lie when I ve as of now came clean with you . Harry Standish overlooked the second remark, as Customss officials were prepared to dismiss numerous maltreatment they got and addressed affably, I m non proposing anything, woman. I basically inquired as to whether you wished to change your announcement about these focuses # 8212 ; the dresses, the jumpers and the fur garment. The American visa demonstrated that she was Mrs. Harriet Du Barry Mossman. Harry Standish stated: I wonder on the off chance that you d mind buying in this signifier. On the off chance that you like, I ll explain it to you. For what reason would it be a good idea for me to buy in anything? Mrs. Harriet Du Barry Mossman requested. He addressed calmly, To do things simpler for yourself, madam. We re basically asking you to authenticate what you ve as of now let us know. Assume I will not buy in? At that point we will be obliged to bind you here while we proceed with the test. There was the concise instability, in this way, Very great. You round out the signifier, I ll buy in. No, madam, you round it out. Presently here, it would be ideal if you portray the focuses and close by where you state they were gotten, please, give the name of the shops ; other than from whom you got the fur garment as a blessing. Madam, Inspector Standish stated, is there something else you wish to pronounce? It was Customs Bureau approach to give voyagers the extraordinary opportunity to do deliberate revelations. In that example, Madam, Inspector Standish stated, Will you generously open your wallet? For the primary clasp the blue grown-up female sold out uncertainness. However, unquestionably sacks are neer assessed. Regularly, they are non. Be that as it may, we do hold the right. Mrs. Mossman was recognizably pale. The Inspector trained the youthful Customs official adjacent to him: Inspect everything actually cautiously. Check the things clinched and examples, the creases and sews of the considerable number of attire. Make a rundown. You comprehend what to make. He was go forthing when Mrs. Mossman shouted toward him: Military official! # 1058 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 8470 ; 1 # 1055 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1082

Financial Aid Breakdown

What your financial aid package means when paying for college Now that the new year is in full swing, college applications are being submitted, and decision letters are being sent, it is important for students to plan ahead for decision-making time. The 2013-2014 federal financial aid application was released on January 1st, and while many deadlines are a few months away, it is important for students and families to plan ahead and discuss how they will finance college. For many college applicants, following an acceptance to a college or university, or maybe even included in that large envelope waiting for you in the mail, is a financial aid package. As it becomes increasingly expensive to fund a higher education, financial aid packages become more important in making a decision about where to attend. Every family will need to assess their options and decide which financial plan is best for them. Some colleges have adopted a fixed-tuition plan, where a students tuition remains the same all four years they are in school, or even a free tuition or â€Å"pay what you can† plan to make their school more appealing to financially-conscious applicants. However, at most schools, students can expect their tuition to increase slightly every year they are in attendance, and for those individuals, a financial package could heavily determine which campus they choose. It is important for students and families to understand what their financial package means for budgeting immediately as well as long-term. Here are some important terms regarding financial aid for American colleges and universities. FAFSA is the Free Application for Federal Student Aid. The FAFSA determines how much a family is able to contribute to college tuition each year, as well as how much federal aid they are eligible for and in what forms. The FAFSA determines student grants, federal loans, and work study awards for public and private schools. A student must complete the FAFSA to be eligible for federal student aid, the largest form of student aid in the country. Many colleges use a student’s FAFSA to determine additional financial aid. Grants are financial awards that do not have to be paid back. Grants can come from the federal government, the school itself, or from an outside organization. The FAFSA or independent applications determine whether a student will receive a grant. An added bonus: grants are usually tax-free. College Scholarshipsmay be award by the school or an outside organization. Scholarships, like grants, do not need to be paid back. Usually the recipient will have a scholarship package that will take a pre-determined amount of money off of the full-tuition every academic year. In some cases, students will receive a full-ride, or full tuition paid by the school. Students may receive merit scholarships where students must maintain a certain GPA to keep their award annually, or other scholarships with stipulations like community service scholarships where a student must perform a certain amount of service hours for scholarship money. Students can also research and apply for specialty scholarships offered by outside organizations. Student Loansare borrowed from the federal government or an individual bank. Loans must be paid back, and come with interest rates that could accumulate and become dangerous for a student in school or a post-graduate. Subsidized loans are considered the best as their interest rate is lower than that of a bank. No interest accumulates while the student is in school and no payment of loans is required until the student has graduated or if they enroll less than part time. Unsubsidized loans also have lower interest rates than bank loans and do not require repayment until the student is out of school, but the interest rate amasses from the day the loan is taken out. Bank loans or unsecured loans are usually undesirable as they have higher interest rates, interest accumulates from day one, and loans are expected to be paid-off as soon as the student is able. Loans can assist a student in attending college, but any loan applicant should be wary and have a strategy for paying them back when they complete school. Federal Work Study is another financial aid awarded by the FAFSA. Most college campuses have pre-determined work study jobs on-campus. A student provided with work study is employed part-time for their school and is paid specifically to be put towards school by the federal government. There is not one right way to finance college. Every family must assess their own needs, along with their financial aid options and/or awards package, to choose the right school. Most colleges and universities want to assist students in any way possible so they can attend their top choice, so when in doubt, contact the schools you’re most interested in and see if they can offer you any advice, or better yet, additional aid. Whether through grants, loans, or scholarships, it is important that students are able to tackle the cost and make college a reality.

On Aristotles Friendship and Social Network - 10537 Words

CHAPTER I A. INTRODUCTION Technology is changing the world in a fast pace. This is evident most especially in social networks. Due to the widespread and growing use of these new social media, especially social networking sites such as Facebook, researchers began to study its ethical implications. Social networking services or social networking sites are widespread in all parts of the world. It serves as means of communication and is considered as the most convenient and easiest way of communication. It is convenient in a way that it is better than other means of communication such as telephone. In social networking sites, there is a video call and the one being called and the one calling can see each other. It is easy by the fact†¦show more content†¦There can still be other questions that can help the researcher arrive at the right answer to the main problem. However, the researcher will give more emphasis on the above-mentioned questions. As the research progresses, the researche r will post substantial questions that can be beneficial to answer the main problem. The researcher will answer the said questions in the light of theoretical and practical reason. The researcher will conduct simply survey to be able to arrive at the proper conclusion. C. SCOPE AND LIMITATION The study focuses on Aristotelian ethical principles applied to Facebook. These ethical principles are mainly about Aristotle’s concept of friendship. The researcher includes the discussion of virtue and other ethical principles governing friendship as support to the said topic. There are several ethical principles that can be applied to Facebook such as Confucian ethics and Heideggerian concept of technology but the researcher prefers Aristotelian ethical principles for the said topic. The study will tackle Aristotle’s concept of friendship with the inclusion of virtue and other ethical principle substantial on the discussion of friendship. The study will be limited to Facebook particularly the online friendship it offers. This Aristotelian concept and other ethical principles supporting it will be used in order to explain how the online friendship offered byShow MoreRelatedEssay Aristotelian’s Normative Concept of Friendship1475 Words   |  6 PagesIn Books VIII and IX of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, the normative concept of friendship is precisely defined and separated into various categories of which Socrates’ and Alcibiades’ relationship can be ascribed to. To achieve this endeavor, one will need to understand Aristotle’s notion of perfect friendship based on reciprocal goodwill and virtue, and imperfect friendship based on utility and pleasure. By applying these evaluative aspects according to Socrates’ an d Alcibiades’ characteristicsRead MoreAristotle : Aristotle And The Moral Values Of Aristotle1725 Words   |  7 Pagesknowledge included the majority of both art and science which are biology, botany, chemistry, ethics, metaphysics, history, logic, philosophy of science, rhetoric, philosophy of the mind, poetics, psychology, physics, zoology and political theory. Aristotle’s understanding of moral virtues is that it stands between the great divide of a set of characteristics being a state of excessiveness and a state of lacking there of a virtue; if not all virtues. For example, if a person displays courage, then thatRead MoreEssay on Aristotles Notion on Eudaimonia and Virtue 1550 Words   |  7 PagesIn Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics he accounts that humans should make sacrifices and should ultimately aim first and foremost for their own happiness . In the paper I will argue that it is really in a person’s best interest to be virtuous . I will do thi s by first describing Aristotle’s notion on both eudaimonia and virtue , as well as highlighting the intimate relationship between the two . Secondly I will talk about the human role in society. Thirdly I will describe the intrinsic tie between humanRead MoreWhy Do Business Exist? Review1304 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Why does business exist? â€Å" is a question that people may easily miss, because business has been so engaged in social life. However, it is still an issue that needs everyone, especially business people to deeply explore. From my point of view, business organizations exist in order to meet the needs of our daily life. Business organizations have been everywhere in our lives. When people need food, they go to supermarkets to choose what they would like to eat. This is the business activity betweenRead MoreIs Abortion Good Or Bad?984 Words   |  4 Pagessociability, and procreation. Natural law states, all laws should be in agreement with the natural order and preservation of life. So should abortion be illegal? When Thomas Aquinas first proposed the Natural law theory he was trying to combine Aristotle’s reason perspective and Christianity’s faith perspective (Finnis, 2015). If we look at abortion through a faith perspective, it is without a doubt something that is morally wrong and should be illegal. Prior to Kant’s Copernican Revolution many wouldRead MoreIntroduction. Civic Relationships Are A Very Crucial Issue1968 Words   |  8 Pagessure that they create an environment where the main objectives of an organization are achieved in an ethical manner. Until the late 17th century, Aristotle’s philosophical approach dominated the focus of relationships in the society (Natali Carlo, 2009). His main contribution was on the virtues, happiness, deliberation, justice and happiness. Aristotle’s ideas on civic relationships Aristotle gives the definition of happiness which he referred it as eudemonia as, the best part of life a human beingRead MoreFriendship : A Great Deal Of Similarities Essay1950 Words   |  8 PagesLong lasting friendships are those of friends with similarities. People who are well-established friends exhibit a great deal of similarities in behaviors and attitudes. How important is similarity in friendship Long lasting friendships are those of friends with similarities. People who are well-established friends exhibit a great deal of similarities in behaviors and attitudes. According to Aristotle’s classic formulation, perfect friendship is of those who are similar and good in their goodnessRead MoreCourtship in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pageseducation, wealth, and social status; it was considered uncommon for someone to marry beneath them or to marry for love. Jane Austen uses Elizabeth Bennett’s encounters with different characters of varying social statuses to criticize the traditional class system; she illustrates a revolutionary idea that marriage should be based on love. In the resolution of the plot, Austen demonstrates the perfect qualities in a marriage; she incorporates Aristotles philosophy of friendship to prove the validityRead MoreThe Importance Of Persuasion1249 Words   |  5 Pagesoriginally proclaimed that persuasion is an essential characteristic of productive leaders. Therefore, the use of rhetoric is necessary for people of power because â€Å"Rhetoric is the art of influence, friendship, and eloquence, of ready wit and irrefutable logic† (4). Since leaders gain their political and social power from obtaining the trust of their followers, they must be effective, influential orators. Along with virtue, disinterest, and practical wisdom, significant, eminent leaders, like Marcus TulliusRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Human Nature1534 Words   |  7 PagesClassical Period in Greece, Plato and Aristotle significantly influenced society’s perception of human nature. Plato suggested that people were rational beings, and connected human nature with the concept of the soul, and the ability to reason. Aristotle’s views differed slightly in that he believed both the body and soul were essential to the human identity. In Eastern culture, people gravitated towards more positive outlooks on the true disposition of the hominid species. Esteemed for his exercise

William Shakespeare s Othello - 1386 Words

Student’s Name Professor’s Name Class Date Love comes in many colors. The blood-crimson of lust and the jade-green of jealously are but two of the vast palate required to paint this inescapable human passion. William Shakespeare’s store of colors is unrivaled. No human failing, foible or foolishness escapes his gentle, comedic reproof. He equally enjoins his audience to venture as bravely as he does into the palpable horror of love gone amiss. In â€Å"OTHELLO,†Ã¢â‚¬Å"MACBETH,† and many more dramas, love’s fatal potential to provoke vengeance or the quest for earthly power is powerfully felt. These are epic investigations of love’s progression. A sonnet, however, is the equivalent of the modern short story. It is a snapshot of a single, significant experience. In two of Shakespeare’s sonnets – diverse in time and temperament, but complimentary in their conclusions – Shakespeare states his deepest feelings about the potential for a human love that is an un-judgme ntal commitment to the selfless nourishment of a partner. Sonnet 116, with a certainty and wisdom obtained from experience and suffering, marches out a rigorous and profound definition of true love. Sonnet 29 finds a soul in turmoil salvaged by an epiphany of understanding the power of true love to heal. By examining the perspective of the respective speakers, their individual progresses, the themes evoked and the poetic devices employed to compliment content this essay argues that for Shakespeare, true and enduringShow MoreRelatedOthello : William Shakespeare s Othello2542 Words   |  11 Pages3 March 2015 Othello Introduction Shakespeare is the second most quoted writer in the English language – after the various writers of the Bible. Many of Shakespeare’s ideas for the play Othello came from a collection of tales written by Giraldi Cinthio. In Othello the character of Iago acts as the prominent main character throughout the play, even though he plays the role of the antagonist to the other central characters in the comedy Iago is the tragic hero. Shakespeare’s Othello was not justRead MoreOthello By William Shakespeare s Othello Essay1230 Words   |  5 Pages Previously, in Act 3.4, Othello begins to suspect Desdemona’s loyalty, as he continuously asks Desdemona for the handkerchief, yet she keeps on changing the topic. In Act 4.1, Iago continues to convince Othello of Desdemona’s faithfulness. In Act 3.4, Othello defended Desdemona when Iago accused her; but in Act 4.1, their position is switched. Othello becomes more aware of what Iago is saying and the anger t hat he has towards Iago has significantly reduced, while he begins to doubt Desdemona.Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello And Othello1720 Words   |  7 PagesDejenara Williams Ms.Milliner EES21QH-04 January ,18,2017 In this world there are two different types of people. There are those with a fixed mindset and others with a growth mindset . Each of these mindset involve different personality and characteristics. This may create a different outlook on life, meaning different morals and actions. Which happens to come into play while reading shakespeare s Othello. Most of the characters , maybe even all fit into either categories. CharactersRead MoreOthello By William Shakespeare s Othello Essay977 Words   |  4 Pages In William Shakespeare s Othello, Iago s character is perhaps the most appalling scalawag. Oxford s Dictionary characterizes miscreant as an, an evil individual; boss insidious character in a play or a story (Oxford 740). Iago plays the antiquated of Othello, who is the general of the Venetian powers. As an old, Iago is to be an unwavering worker to Othello. In any case, Iago has developed intense and scornful and utilizes his gathered steadfastness as a wedge to bring about Othello s endRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello s Othello By William Shakespeare Essay2117 Words   |  9 Pages Racist Ideology As Seen In Othello As a writer, William Shakespeare possessed an uncanny ability to address topics that were, for the most part, unnoticed in society. Every one of his characters feels realistic because they are so complex and based on psychological motivations. When Shakespeare’s Othello was first written, there was undoubtedly a complicated relationship between white English citizens and so called â€Å"foreigners†. However, society’s inability to understand or accept different culturesRead MoreOthello s Othello By William Shakespeare897 Words   |  4 PagesIago’s main reason to denigrate Desdemona’s character is his love for Othello. Consequently, he will do anything to gain Othello’s admiration. When Iago is putting his plan into action and planting in Othello’s mind that Desdemona is not faithful to him, Iago says: Othello kneels .............................................................................................. IAGO: Do not rise yet. Iago kneels Witness, you ever-burning lights above, You elements that clip us round above, Witness thatRead MoreOthello s Othello By William Shakespeare848 Words   |  4 Pages Desdemona’s Passivity [In the Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Othello†] Desdemona is a passive character in the Shakespeare play â€Å"Othello†. We can identify this as a fault in Desdemona, in various acts and scenes throughout the play. A critic had stated that â€Å"Desdemona is passive, acted upon rather than acting.† This is a valid statement which is noticeable in Desdemona’s character. When Desdemona argues Cassio’s position that Othello stripped from him. We see from this that she could have actedRead MoreAnalysis of William Shakespeare ´s Othello737 Words   |  3 PagesThe Tragedy of Othello, a play by William Shakespeare, was written in the early 1600’s. If Othello was written in a different time, 21st century America, the view of people of different genders and races would differ, women would be held to a more equal social standard and the issue of Othello being black, wouldn’t be as prominent when he marries Desdemona. This play was written in a time where it was essential to follow cultural values. During this time women were expected to respect all maleRead MoreOthello By William Shakespeare s Othello1209 Words   |  5 PagesOthello Down Shakespeare s Othello comprises of the subjects betrayal, affection and dishonesty. At the focal point of this play is the lamentable ruin of Othello because of his so-called friend Iago. In this paper I will be examining the explanations behind and against Othello being in charge of his defeat through taking a gander at critical interpretations of his character and activities. Othello was profoundly in charge to his own destruction as Iago demonstrating to him to be gullible andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello And Othello1385 Words   |  6 PagesFor the time Othello was set in, 16th century Elizabethan society held strong socioeconomic roles that governed social statuses. In Shakespeare’s Othello, class positions become a theme that emphasizes power as a major role in relationships. In the case of Othello, a general of the Venetian army, and Iago, one of his trusted advisors, that power struggle is the force that dominants the play and leads to the disastrous and memorable ending. Machiavelli’s treatise, The Prince, examines the dynamic

Music annd Sports college essay free essay sample

I have excelled in both Music and Athletics since I was five years old. Both of these activities have been part of my daily and weekly routines for the last 12 years. I am extremely passionate about both of them and thankful that I have been able continue both throughout high school. One day when I was five years old, my father and I were riding our bikes and we passed the Old Town School of Folk Music. There were signs for youth violin lessons and my father asked me if I wanted to play the violin. I later switched to the viola and continued taking weekly lessons, spent five summers at Interlochen Arts Camp, and become a member of the Chicago Youth Symphony Orchestra. For me, making music is an outlet that allows me to take my mind off of everything else and lets me express myself in a more abstract way. We will write a custom essay sample on Music annd Sports college essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Through music camp and other ensembles I have also met some of my greatest friends, and had the chance to perform beautiful works with amazing people. A few weeks ago when I was being honored as Captain of the Whitney Young Varsity Football team at the homecoming pep rally in the gym at my school, it struck me that I was in the same room where my athletic career had begun 12 years ago, with Pee Wee Basketball. I played basketball, baseball, and football throughout grade school and high school. Athletics, especially team sports, have been hugely important to me. Hardly a day or a week, and never a whole season, has gone by without my participating in some team sport. Being a part of all of these teams has given my high school life structure, uniformity, and many great friendships. Working hard to succeed in athletic competition, and competing so often, have given me habits of effort and focusing on success that carry over into everything I do. Music and athletics have their obvious differences, but their similarities are the things I enjoy most about them. They both involve teamwork and camaraderie which allow me to be a leader. I have been a leader in both athletics and music as captain of the football team and co-principal of the CYSO viola section. Both music and athletics require large amounts of preparation, sustained over time. I have learned to appreciate the process involved in reaching my goals, whether it is learning a new piece on the viola or preparing for my next football game. I am comfortable with routines of preparation revolving around music and sports. Furthermore routine preparation carries over into my school work and keeps me on task. Music and athletics shape who I am. They drive my daily and weekly routine and allow me to express myself. I am grateful that I have been blessed with enough talent and perseverance to give my time to both music and athletics, and to continue to excel in both.

The Analysis of a Photo

The article written by Sydney Smith (Smith, 2013) is aimed at discussing the fake photographs posted by a Chinese news agency called Xinhua. This organization published a picture depicting a Chinese politician on the cover of Time Magazine. The main problem is that this person was never featured in this publication.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Analysis of a Photo specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This image is an edited version of the real Time Magazine cover. Originally, this image showcased Jack Abramoff who is a prominent lobbyist (Smith, 2013). It should be mentioned that Xinhua was responsible to posting other fake photographs (Smith, 2013). On the whole, this incident attracts close attention of many journalists because it gives rise to many questions about the ethical aspects of such practices. It is possible to identify two important players in this situation. First of all, one should speak ab out the news agency Xinhua which is supposed to inform the readers about the most current events. Secondly, it is important to speak about the Chinese government which strives to control mass media in order to ensure their strategies do not come under criticism. These are the main actors that should be identified. To a great extent, the activities of Xinhua could be driven by the policies of the government. Overall, one can say that that Xinhua is committed to the goals that the Chinese government pursues. This news agency strives to highlight that the state really makes significant achievements. The fake photograph was aimed at showing that Chinese policy-makers were recognized by foreign media. To some degree, this case indicates that in some cases, this organization can adopt unscrupulous methods in order to make their arguments more convincing. This is one of the main aspects that can be identified since it is vital for understanding the motives which could have influenced the d ecisions of Chinese journalists. In this case, the main value of Xinhua is the devotion to ideology developed by the communist government of China. One cannot argue that this organization attaches importance to such things as impartiality, integrity, or willingness to present an accurate assessment of the main events. This is one of the main issues should be taken into consideration. One can argue that this action can hardly be called ethical because people, who created this photograph, deliberately misinformed its audience. This incident cannot be regarded as a mere factual or logical error that can be attributed to a mere coincidence or lack of attention.Advertising Looking for case study on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case, one can speak about deliberate falsification which is not permissible for the representatives of mass media. This is one of the details that should be considered. This principle is derived from the ethical standards set for journalists. According to them, a journalist should be unbiased in his/her presentation of the main facts (Kittross, 2011, p. 254). Furthermore, this professional should not twist facts so that they could fit his/her ideology or values. This is one of the main pitfalls that should be avoided. This analysis suggests that mass media can easily misrepresent facts or ideas. Such situations are widespread in those countries in which journalists are strongly dependent on the state. Very often, they present a falsified version of the events. The case discussed in this paper exemplifies some of the techniques that journalists can adopt in effort to mislead the audience. Reference List Kittross, J. (2011). Controversies in Media Ethics. New York: Routledge. Smith, S. (2013). Oops, Chinese News Media Publish Fake Photo of Bogus Time Magazine Cover. Retrieved from https://www.imediaethics.org/oops-chinese-news-media-publish-fake-photo-of- bogus-time-magazine-cover/?new This case study on The Analysis of a Photo was written and submitted by user Ember Waller to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Practice in Identifying Indirect Objects

Practice in Identifying Indirect Objects An indirect object is a noun or pronoun that indicates to whom or for whom the action of a verb is performed. This exercise will give you practice in identifying indirect objects in sentences. InstructionsEach of the following ten sentences contains an indirect object. Identify the indirect object in each sentence, and then compare your answers with those on page two. Give Marie the prize.The taxi driver charged us twenty dollars.I wished my friends a happy new year and headed back into the house.After washing the dishes, I told the children a bedtime story about otters and eagles.Preetha often lends her brother money, but he never pays her back.Mikey handed me a note from his mother explaining his absence the day before.The young man built his family a house in an isolated hollow near White Bluff.Lynn bought her uncle a Western-style gray felt hat at the Franklin Sporting Goods store.Kate passed him the canteen, and he took a big drink of the cold water.Last fall our church group sent the missionaries mops and pails and building supplies. Below are the answers (in bold) to the exercise Practice in Identifying Indirect Objects. Give Marie the prize. The taxi driver charged us twenty dollars. I wished my friends a happy new year and headed back into the house. After washing the dishes, I told the children a bedtime story about otters and eagles. Preetha often lends her brother money, but he never pays her back. Mikey handed me a note from his mother explaining his absence the day before. The young man built his family a house in an isolated hollow near White Bluff. Lynn bought her uncle a Western-style gray felt hat at the Franklin Sporting Goods store. Kate passed him the canteen, and he took a big drink of the cold water. Last fall our church group sent the missionaries mops and pails and building supplies.

Personal and Professional Development for Business Essay

Personal and Professional Development for Business - Essay Example In the recent years, MBA programs have been construed as general education in the practice of managing rather than specialized training in the functions of business; however, Henry Mintzberg, one of the leading influential teachers of business strategy argues that â€Å"Management is, above all, a practice where art, science and craft meet†. In light of this statement, this paper aims to provide a critical analysis of the value of management education from a range of perspectives. In today’s complex and highly challenging global business environment, business leaders are predominantly engaged with the task of transforming nondescript firms into a billion dollar corporations. Tough business environment conditions and emerging trends in the traditional business world have created a knowledge gap that business schools have ardently strived to fill through management education. Through management education, business schools are seriously rethinking the concept of leadership with a special focus on the need to train the next-generation managers (Uba, 2011); the training seeks to raise a breed of next-generation managers fully equipped with knowledge and skills to deal with the emerging global challenges in the business world. The need for such training is justified by the dynamic nature of modern enterprise; traditional managers rarely had to move past the basics of what was taught and even then, the scope was often limited to their immediate environment. The need to raise a breed of next generation managers who have been equipped with the necessary tools to deal with the emerging business challenges is the underlying importance of Management education. In addition to that, management education directly correlates with business and economic development because it highlights key essential areas of focus in the global business environment. For instance, corporate social responsibility and corporate sustainability have been flagged as essential elements i n business management today thanks to Management education (Uba, 2011). Business management has taken on a much broader meaning in today’s workplace in response to globalization that has resulted into new complexities and interdependence between multinational corporations, the environment and society. Many companies have become multinationals and they are required to compete in environments radically different from the ones in which the managers were trained. For these reason, they must be flexible so they can tackle the new social political and legal challenges that will unequivocally come their way, such versatility can only achieved through intense and progressive training. Given the myriad complexities and interconnectivity at the workplace in response to globalization, business management in the 21st century tends to take on a multi-faceted approach that calls for integrative business tools. Management education provides an avenue for managers to adapt to the changes at the workplace by building their capacity to deal with emerging complexities and challenges of interconnectivity. Managers are put to task to meet their fiduciary responsibility to both customers and shareholders, while paying close attention to environmental, socio-cultural and political considerations at the workplace. The role of management education is to empower managers to execute these roles effectively and efficiently to lead their organizations into achieving optimum results and excellent success. Management education helps shape the attitudes and behaviour of business leaders through a number of ways; the most prominent way in which management education does this is through business education, research and management programmes. Management educ

Why did Britain want a trading post on Singapore Research Paper

Why did Britain want a trading post on Singapore - Research Paper Example The Sultan of Singapore, Abdul Rahman, was under relatively tight Dutch control and as such, could not allow for the British to set up any trading post in Singapore. However Raffles formulated a plan through which the Sultan’s elder brother would be able to take up the sultanate. Sultan Abdul Rahman’s elder brother Tengku Hussein Shah was supposed to be the rightful ruler due to his having been the eldest son (Rahim, 2010). Sir Raffles drew up papers that effectively recognized Hussein Shah as being the lawful sultan of not only Johor, but also Singapore. After recognizing Hussein Shah as sultan, Sir Stamford Raffles signed a treaty in February 1819 with Hussein Shah and Temenggong Abdul Rahman, the treaty declared the approval the establishment of a British East India Company trading post in Singapore (Rahim, 2010). The treaty also specified that Sultan Hussein Shah and the Temenggong would in turn receive an annual income from the British. In the establishment of this trading post, it can be noted that Sir Raffles undertook a number of drastic measures in what can be construed to be an indicator of the importance that Britain attributed to the establishment of this trading post (Yew, 2013). This paper will seek to establish why Sir Stamford Raffles and Britain wanted a trading post in Singapore. The geographical location of Singapore is believed to have been one of the key reasons as to why the British essentially chose it as the location where they would set up a new port in the region. The Straits of Melaka had become an important trade route for British traders who would use it when travelling to China during the 19th century. The strait had proven to be a relatively great source of income for these British traders as a result of its facilitation of the lucrative opium-tea and silk trade with China (Yew, 2013). When using the route, British traders would travel from Europe, around the African continent to SEA,

Review Coursework for Rules for monetary policy questions

Review for Rules for monetary policy questions - Coursework Example However, the excessively high level of money circulating in the economy induces inflation. Conversely, the excessively low level of money circulating in the economy kills economic performance and induces deflation. Since the association between the money supply and other economic indicators such as the gross domestic product and prices level or inflation has become irregular, the money growth based policies have been unsuccessful (What is money supply? Is it important?, 2014). Adopting rules for the monetary policy is like suggesting that the economy regulators clearly understand all the variables within the economy and how they affect one another. The center stage for the formulations of rules for monetary policy is the interest rates and the economic output. It is currently clear that the performance of an economy is influenced by the performance of other institutions like the financial market, the capital market, and the financial institutions. These players add to the list of factors to be considered when formulating rules for monetary policy. The regulators have not been able to understand fully how the financial markets affect the economy, thus, controlling an unclear situation could cause damages. Therefore, the policy makers are reluctant to adopt rules for monetary policy (Swanson, 2014). Swanson, A. (2014). What the US could gain and lose from monetary policy rules. Retrieved from

Brown Vs.Board Of Education :: essays research papers

Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954) (USSC+) 347 U.S. 483 Argued December 9, 1952 Reargued December 8, 1953 Decided May 17, 1954 APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF KANSAS* Syllabus Segregation of white and Negro children in the public schools of a State solely on the basis of race, pursuant to state laws permitting or requiring such segregation, denies to Negro children the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment -- even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors of white and Negro schools may be equal. (a) The history of the Fourteenth Amendment is inconclusive as to its intended effect on public education. (b) The question presented in these cases must be determined not on the basis of conditions existing when the Fourteenth Amendment was adopted, but in the light of the full development of public education and its present place in American life throughout the Nation. (c) Where a State has undertaken to provide an opportunity for an education in its public schools, such an opportunity is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms. (d) Segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race deprives children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities, even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors may be equal. (e) The "separate but equal" doctrine adopted in Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537, has no place in the field of public education. (f) The cases are restored to the docket for further argument on specified questions relating to the forms of the decrees. Opinion WARREN MR. CHIEF JUSTICE WARREN delivered the opinion of the Court. These cases come to us from the States of Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, and Delaware. They are premised on different facts and different local conditions, but a common legal question justifies their consideration together in this consolidated opinion. In each of the cases, minors of the Negro race, through their legal representatives, seek the aid of the courts in obtaining admission to the public schools of their community on a nonsegregated basis. In each instance, they had been denied admission to schools attended by white children under laws requiring or permitting segregation according to race. This segregation was alleged to deprive the plaintiffs of the equal protection of the laws under the Fourteenth Amendment. In each of the cases other than the Delaware case, a three-judge federal district court denied relief to the plaintiffs on the so-called "separate but equal" doctrine announced by this Court in Plessy v.

Best Fit Vs Best Practice Essay

Amazon.com In 1994, with a handful of programmers and a few thousand dollars in workstations and servers, Jeff Bezos set out to change the retail world when he created Amazon.com (ticker: AMZN). Shel Kaphan, Amazon’s first programmer, assisted by others, including Paul Barton-Davis, used a collection of tools to create Web pages based on a database of 1 million book titles compiled from the Library of Congress and Books in Print databases. Kaphan notes that â€Å"Amazon was dependent on commercial and free database systems, as well as HTTP server software from commercial and free sources. Many of the programming tools were free software† [Collett 2002]. In July 1995, Amazon opened its Web site for sales. Using heavily discounted book prices (20 to 30 percent below common retail prices); Amazon advertised heavily and became the leading celebrity of the Internet and e-commerce. Sales and Relationships Amazon made its initial mark selling books, and many people still think of the company in terms of books. However, almost from the start, the company has worked to expand into additional areas—striving to become a global retailer of almost anything. Some of the main events include: 1995 books, 1998 music and DVD/video, 1999 auctions, electronics, toys, zShops/MarketPlace, home improvement, software, and video games [1999 annual report]. By the end of 1999, the company had forged partnerships with several other online stores, including Ashford.com, Audible, Della.com, drugstore.com, Gear.com, Greenlight.com, HomeGrocer.com, Kozmo.com, living.com, NextCard.com, Pets.com, and Sothebys. Of course, most of those firms and Web sites later died in the dot-com crash of 2000/2001. Amazon also established partnerships with several large retailers, including Target, Toys ‘R’ Us, Babies ‘R’ Us, and Circuit City. Effectively, Amazon became a service organization to manage the online presence of these large retailers. However, it also uses its distribution system to deliver the products. The Circuit City arrangement was slightly different from the others—customers could pick up their items directly from their local stores [Heun August 2001]. After Circuit City went under, the relationship ended. By mid-2003, the Web sales and fulfillment services amounted to 20 percent  of Amazon’s sales. Bezos points out that most companies realize that only a small fraction of their total sales (5 to 10 percent) will come from online systems, so it makes sense to have Amazon run those portions [Murphy 2003]. In 2001, Amazon took over the Web site run by its bricks-and-mortar rival Borders. In 2000, Borders lost $18.4 million on total onli ne sales of $27.4 million [Heun April 2001]. Also in 2001, Amazon partnered with Expedia to offer travel services directly from the Amazon site. However, in this case, the Amazon portion consists of little more than an advertising link to the Expedia services [Kontzer 2001]. The deals in 2001 continued with a twist when Amazon licensed its search technology to AOL. AOL invested $100 million in Amazon and payed an undisclosed license fee to use the search-and-personalization service on Shop@AOL [Heun July 2001]. In 2003, Amazon launched a subsidiary just to sell its Websales and fulfillment technology to other firms. Bezos noted that Amazon spends about $200 million a year on information technology (a total of $900 million to mid-2003). The purpose of the subsidiary is to help recover some of those costs—although Bezos believes they were critically necessary expenditures [Murphy 2003]. With so many diverse products, and relationships, it might be tempting to keep everything separate. However, Amazon perceives advantages from showing the entire site to customers as a single, broad entity. Yes, customers click to the various stores to find individual items. But, run a search and you will quickly see that it identifies products from any division. Additionally, the company is experimenting with cross sales. In 2002, the Project Ruby test site began selling name-brand clothing and accessories. Customers who spent $50 or more on apparel received a $30 gift certificate for use anywhere else on Amazon [Hayes 2002]. By 2004, 25 percent of Amazon’s sales were for its partners. But, one of Amazon’s major relationships took a really bad turn in 2004 when Toys ‘R’ Us sued Amazon and Amazon countersued. The complaint by Toys ‘R’ Us alleges that it had signed a ten-year exclusivity contract with Amazon and had so far paid Amazon $200 million for the right to be the exclusive supplier of  toys at Amazon.com. David Schwartz, senior VP and general counsel for Toys ‘R’ Us stated that â€Å"We don’t intend to pay for exclusivity we’re not getting† [Claburn May 2004]. Amazon’s initial response was that â€Å"We believe we can have multiple sellers in the toy category, increase selection, and offer products that (Toys ‘R’ Us) doesn’t have† [Claburn May 2004]. The lawsuit counters that at least one product (a Monopoly game) appears to be for sale by third-party suppliers as well as Toys ‘R’ Us. A month later, Amazon countersued, alleging that Toys ‘R’ Us experienced â€Å"chronic failure† to maintain sufficient stock to meet demand. The court documents noted that Toys ‘R’ Us had been out of stock on 20 percent of its most popular products [Claburn June 2004]. Although the dispute sounds damaging, it is conceivable that both parties are using the courts as a means to renegotiate the base contract. Small merchants accelerated a shift to Amazon’s marketplace technology. By 2007, Amazon was simply the largest marketplace on the Web. For example, John Wieber was selling $1 million a year in refurbished computers through eBay. But increased competition and eBay’s rising prices convinced him to switch to direct sales through Amazon. Similar small merchants noted that although the fees on Amazon are hefty, they do not have to pay a listing fee. Plus, eBay shoppers only want to buy things at bargain-basement prices (Mangalindan 2005). In 2010, Target ended its contract with Amazon and launched its own Web servers. Amazon does not report sales separately for its partners such as Target, so it is difficult to determine what impact the change might have on Amazon. However, Amazon has many other sellers who offer similar products. Digital Content Amazon has been expanding its offerings in digital content—in many ways extending competition against Apple, but also leading the way in digital books. Although it was not the first manufacturer, Amazon is reportedly the largest seller of e-readers with the Kindle. Amazon does not report sales separately for the Kindle. Amazon also noted in 2011 that ebooks for its Kindle reader have overtaken sales of paperback books as the most popular  format. The e-books had already exceeded hard-cover books the year before [Wu 2011]. For many of these reasons, Borders, a bricks-and-mortar competitor to Amazon went under in 2011. Amazon is also working to expand sales of music. The Web site has relatively standard pricing on current songs, but often offers discounts on older albums. By 2011, Amazon was also trying to expand into video streaming. Customers who pay $79 a year to join the  Prime program gain faster shipping, and also access to a library of digital movies and TV shows. Unfortunately, with limited ties to the movie studios, the offerings initially were relatively thin. However, other video streaming sites, including Netflix and Hulu, were also struggling to develop long-term contracts with studios. In September 2011, Amazon announced a deal with Fox to offer movies and TV shows owned by the studio. At the same time, Netflix announced a similar deal with the Dreamworks studio. It will take time for studios to determine strategies on streaming video services and for consumers to make choices [Woo and Kung 2011]. In late 2011, Amazon released its own version of a tablet computer. The company continued to sell the Kindle e-book reader, but the tablet focused on audio and video, using a color LCD display screen with a touch interface. Although it lacked features available on the market-leading Applet iPad, the Kindle table carried a price that was about half that of the iPad and other competitors ($200). The obvious goal was to provide a device that encourages customers to purchase more digital content directly from Amazon [Peers 2011]. Sales Taxes Sales taxes have been a long-term issue with Amazon. The Annual Report notes that several states filed formal complaints with the company in March 2003. The basis for the individual suits is not detailed, but the basic legal position is that any company that has a physical presence in a state (â€Å"nexus† by the terms of a U.S. Supreme Court ruling), is subject to that state’s laws and must then collect the required sales taxes and remit them to the state. The challenge is that the level of presence has never been  clearly defined. Amazon argues that it has no physical presence in most states and is therefore not required to collect taxes. The most recent challenges are based on Amazon’s â€Å"affiliate† program. Amazon pays a small commission to people who run Web sites and redirect traffic to the Amazon site. For instance, a site might mention a book and then include a link to the book on the Amazon site. Several states have passed laws claiming that these relationships constitute a â€Å"sales force† and open up Amazon to taxation within any state where these affiliates reside. In response, Amazon dropped the affiliate program in several states, has initiated a legal challenge in the state of New York, and in 2011, negotiated a new deal signed into law in California [Letzing 2011]. In the California deal, Amazon obtained a delay in collecting taxes for at least a year, in exchange for locating a new distribution center in the state and creating at least 10,000 full-time jobs. Amazon is also asking the U.S. Congress to create a new federal law to deal with the sales-tax issue. However, because the state sales tax issue is driven by the interstate commerce clause in the U.S. Constitution, a simple law will not alter the underlying principles. However, if Congress desired, it might create a Federal Sales tax law with some method of apportioning the money to states. But, do not be t on any major tax laws during a Presidential election year. Information Technology In the first years, Amazon intentionally kept its Web site systems separate from its orderfulfillment system. The separation was partly due to the fact that the programmers did not have the technical ability to connect them, and partly because the company wanted to improve security by keeping the order systems off the Web. By 1997, Amazon’s sales had reached $148 million for the year. The big book database was being run on Digital Alpha servers. Applications were still custom written in house. By early 2000, the company had over 100 separate database instances running on a variety of servers—handling terabytes of data. In 2000, Amazon decided to overhaul its entire system. The company spent $200 million on new applications, including analysis software from E.piphany, logistics from Manugistics, and a new DBMS from Oracle. The company also  signed deals with SAS for data mining and analysis [Collett 2002]. But, one of its biggest deals was with Excelon for business-to-business integration systems. The system enables suppliers to communicate in real time, even if they do not have sophisticated IT departments. It provides a direct connection to Amazon’s ERP system either through programming connections or through a Web browser [Konicki 2000]. About the same time (May 2000), Amazon inked a deal with HP to supply new servers and IT services [Goodridge and Nelson 2000]. The new systems ran the open-source Linux operating system. Already by the third quarter of 2001, Amazon was able to reduce its IT costs by 24 percent from the same quarter in 2000 [Collett 2002]. By 2004, the supply chain system at Amazon was a critical factor in its success. Jeffrey Wilke, Senior VP of worldwide operations, observed that â€Å"When we think about how we’re going to grow our company, we focus on price, selection, and availability. All three depend critically on the supply chain† [Bacheldor 2004]. Almost the entire system was built from scratch, customized to Amazon’s needs. When a customer places an order, the system immediately connects to the distribution centers, determines the best way to ship the product, and provides the details to the customer in under two minutes. The entire process is automatic. Dr. Russell Allgor moved from Bayer Chemical to Amazon and built an 800,000equation computer model of the company’s sprawling operation. When implemented, the goal of the model was to help accomplish almost everything from scheduling Christmas overtime to rerouting trucks in a snowstorm. Allgor’s preliminary work focused on one of Amazon’s most vexing problems: How to keep inventory at a minimum, while ensuring that when someone orders several products, they can be shipped in a single box, preferably from the warehouse — the company had six — that is nearest the customer [Hansell, 2001]. Dr. Allgor’s analysis is simple, but heretical to Amazon veterans. Amazon should increase its holdings of best sellers and stop holding slow-selling titles. It would still sell these titles but order them after the customer does. Lyn Blake, a vice president who previously ran Amazon’s book department and now oversees company relations with manufacturers, disagrees with this perspective. â€Å"I worry about the customer’s perspective  if we suddenly have a lot of items that are not available for quick delivery.† Amazon’s merchant and MarketPlace systems are powerful tools that enable smaller stores to sell their products through Amazon’s system. Amazon continually works to improve the connections on those systems. This system caused problems in 2001—the main issue was that the data on the merchant Web sites was being updated only once every eight hours. The merchant’s link to Amazon’s main database servers, and internal applications transfer the data onto the displayed page as requested. As customers purchased items, the inventory quantities were altered in the main servers, but the current totals were not transferred to the display pages until several hours later. Consequently, customers would be told that an item was in stock, even it had sold out several hours ago. To solve the problem, Amazon installed Excelon’s ObjectStore database in 2002. The system functions as a cache management server, reducing the update times from eight hours down to twoà ‚  minutes. Paul Kotas, engineering director for the Merchants@Group noted that â€Å"with the growth of this business, we needed a zero-latency solution† [Whiting 2002]. In 2003, Amazon added a simple object access protocol (SOAP) gateway so that retailers could easily build automated connections to the system. Data is passed as XML documents and automatically converted to Amazon’s format [Babcock 2003]. One of the most successful technologies introduced by Amazon is the affinity list. When someone purchases an item, system makes recommendations based on similar items purchased by other customers. The system uses basic data mining and statistical tools to quickly run correlations and display the suggested products. Kaphan notes that â€Å"There was always a vision to make the service as useful as possible to each user and to take advantage of the ability of the computer to help analyze a lot of data to show people things they were most likely to be interested in† [Collett 2002]. The system also remembers every purchase made by a customer. So, the Amazon programmers created the Instant Order Update feature, that reminds customers if they have already purchased an item in their cart. Bezo notes that â€Å"Customers lead busy lives and cannot always remember if they’ve already purchased a particular item.† He also observed  that â€Å"When we launched Instant Order Update, we were able to measure with statistical significance that the feature slightly reduced sales. Good for customers? Definitely. Good for shareowners? Yes, in the long run† [2003 annual report]. Capital expenditures for software and Web site development are not cheap: $176 million, $146 million, and $128 million for 2010, 2009, and 2008 respectively (2010 Annual Report). But, in comparison, in 2010, net income tax provisions were $352 million. New Services Amazon requires huge data centers and high-speed Internet connections to run its systems. Through vast economies of scale, Amazon is able to achieve incredibly low prices for data storage and bandwidth. Around 2005, the company decided that it could leverage those low costs into a new business selling Internet-based services. The company offers an online data storage service called S3. For a monthly fee of about 15 cents per gigabyte stored plus 15 cents per gigabyte of data transferred, any person or company can transfer and store data on Amazon servers [Markoff 2006]. Through a similar service (EC2), any company can use the company’s Web servers to deliver digital content to customers. The company essentially serves as a Web host, but instead of paying fixed costs, you pay 10 cents per virtual server per hour plus bandwidth costs. Amazon’s network can handle bursts up to 1 gigabit per second. The system creates virtual servers, running the Linux kernel, and you can run any software you want [Gralla 2006]. By 2011, the company had several locations providing S3 and EC2 Web services. It also offered online relational database services using either MySQL or the Oracle DBMS. Anyone can pay to store data in the DBMS, with charges being levied per hour, per data stored, and per data transferred. The point is that Amazon handles all of the maintenance and other companies avoid fixed costs. Even government agencies are adopting the benefits of storing data in these cloud services—including those run by Amazon. For example, the U.S. Treasury Department moved is public Web sites to the Amazon cloud. [Pratt 2011]. Perhaps the most unusual service is Mturk. The name derives from an  18-century joke where a â€Å"mechanical† chess-playing machine surprised European leaders and royalty by beating many expert players. The trick was that a human was hidden under the board and moved the pieces with magnets. Amazon’s trick is to use human power to solve problems. Companies post projects on the Mturk site and offer to pay a price for piecemeal work. Any individual can sign up and perform a task and get paid based on the amount of work completed. Amazon takes a 10 percent commission above the fee. For example, the company Casting Words places audio files on the site and pays people 42 cents to transcribe one minute of audio files into text [Markoff 2006]. The Amazon EC2 and S3 services suffered some problems in the summer of 2011. A configuration error during an upgrade in the East Coast facility triggered a cascade that delayed all services in the facility. Internet services including Foursquare and Reddit that used the facility were impacted by the problems for almost a week [Tibken 2011]. Amazon engineers learned a lot from the problems and the same issue is unlikely to occur again [http://aws.amazon.com/message/65648/]. But, the outage points out the risks involved in any centralized system. Ironically, the main problems were caused by algorithms designed to copy data to multiple servers to reduce risks. On the other hand, with multiple facilities, Amazon provides the ability to spread content and risk across multiple locations. Adam Selipsky, vice president of product management and developer relations at Amazon Web Services observed that â€Å"†Amazon is fundamentally a technology company; we’ve spent more than one and a half billion dollars investing in technology and content. We began by retailing books, but it was never in our business plan to stay with that† [Gralla 2006]. Financial Performance When Amazon started, it spent huge amounts of money not only building infrastructure, but also buying market share. It took Amazon nine years to achieve profitability. And the profits started to arrive only after the company changed its pricing model—focusing on retail prices for popular items and smaller discounts for all books. In the process, the company lost almost $3 billion. It was not until 2009 that Amazon had generated enough profits to cover all of its prior losses (ignoring interest rates and debt). The company’s financial position has improved since 2000. Most of the improvement is due to increases in sales—which is good. But, those sales increased largely by selling products for other firms, and from one more twist. Amazon no longer discounts most of the books that it sells. In fact, it is generally more expensive to purchase books from Amazon than to buy them from your local bookstore. For competitive online pricing, check www.campusi.com, which searches multiple Web sites for the best price, but the selection might not be as large. Another source of increased sales is the international market (largely Britain, Europe and Japan). Notice in the table that media sales (books, audio, and movies) are higher in the International market than in North America. More products are sold in North America, but clearly the growth path is the international market. Out of curiosity, where did all of that money go? In 2003, Bezos noted that $900 million went to business technology; $300 million was spent on the fulfillment centers; and $700 million on marketing and customer acquisition [Murphy 2003]. That last part largely represents selling books at a loss or offering free shipping while trying to attract customers. Those numbers add up to the $1.9 billion debt, but what happened to the other $1 billion in net losses? Interestingly, according to the 2010 Annual Report, Amazon still runs a loss on shipping. In 2010, the company declared shipping revenue of $1.2 billion, against outbound shipping costs of $2.6 billion, for a net loss of $1.4 billion! Amazon continues to expand aggressively. In 2011, Amazon estimated revenue increases of 28-39 percent but increased operating expenses by about 38 percent. Tom Szkutak, Amazon’s finance chief noted that â€Å"When you add something to the magnitude of 23 fulfillment centers, mostly in the course of the second half of last year, you have added costs and you’re not as productive on those assets for some time,† [Wu 2011]. For the longer term, Amazon’s leaders clearly indicate that they are aware of the stiff competition—both from bricks-and-mortar retailers and from online rivals including small start-ups and established rivals including Apple and Google. Case Questions 1. Who are Amazon’s competitors? 2. Why would customers shop at Amazon if they can find better prices elsewhere? 3. Why did Amazon create most of its own technology from scratch? 4. If Amazon buys products from other firms and simply ships them to customers, why does it need so many of its own distribution centers? 5. Will other retailers buy or lease the Web software and services from Amazon? Can Amazon make enough money from selling these services? 6. Write a report to management that describes the primary cause of the problems, a detailed plan to solve them, and show how the plan solves the problems and describe any other benefits it will provide. Additional Reading Babcock, Charles, â€Å"Amazon Makes Online Merchandising Easier,† Information Week, September 15, 2003. Bacheldor, Beth, â€Å"From Scratch: Amazon Keeps Supply Chain Close To Home,† Information Week, March 5, 2004. Claburn, Thomas, â€Å"Amazon.com And Toys ‘R’ Us Are On The Outs,† Information Week, May 31, 2004. Claburn, Thomas, â€Å"Why Amazon Is Suing Toys ‘R’ Us,† Information Week, June 29, 2004. Collett, Stacy, â€Å"The Web’s Best-seller,† Computerworld, September 30, 2002. Goodridge, Elisabeth and Matthew G. Nelson, â€Å"Update: Amazon Drops Sun, Compaq For HP,† Information Week, May 31, 2000. Gralla, Preston, â€Å"Computing in the Cloud,† Computerworld, December 21, 2006. Hansell, Saul. â€Å"A Front-Row Seat as Amazon Gets Serious,† The New York Times, May 20, 2001, http://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/20/technology/20AMAZ.html. Hayes, Mary, â€Å"CDs, High Heels, Flannel Shirts,† Information Week, November 4, 2002. Heun, Christopher T., â€Å"Amazon, Borders Team For Superior Customer Service,† Information Week, April 16, 2001. Heun, Christopher T., â€Å"Amazon Loss Shrinks; AOL Buys Amazon Search Service,† Information Week, July 24, 2001. Heun, Christopher T., â€Å"Amazon Plugs Into Circuit City In Profitability Drive,† Information Week, August 27, 2001. Konicki, Steve, â€Å"Amazon Taps Excelon To Redo Supply-Chain System,† Information Week, October 30, 2000. Kontzer, Tony, â€Å"Amazon Teams With Expedia On Online Travel Store,† Information Week, September 26, 2001. Letzing, John, â€Å"Amazon Wins Reprieve on California Tax in Exchange for Jobs,† The Wall Street Journal, September 23, 2011. Mangalindan, Mylene, â€Å"Threatening eBay’s Dominance, More Online Sellers Go It Alone,† The Wall Street Journal, June 22, 2005. Markoff, John, â€Å"Software Out There,† The New York Times, April 5, 2006. Murphy, Chris, â€Å"Amazon, The Services Firm,† Information Week, June 10, 2003. Peers, Martin, â€Å"Launching New Tablet, Amazon Plays With Fire,† The Wall Street Journal, September 29, 2011. Pratt, Mary K., â€Å"Feds Race to the Cloud,† Computerworld, July 13, 2011. Tibken, Shara, â€Å"Amazon Cloud Snafu Disrupts Websites,† The Wall Street Journal, April 21, 2011. Whiting, Rick, â€Å"System Overhaul Boosts Amazon’s Inventory Update Time,† Information Week, February 19, 2002. Stu Woo, â€Å"Expenses Eat at Amazon’s Profit,† The Wall Street Journal, January 28, 2011. Stu Woo and Michelle Kung, â€Å"Netflix, Amazon Add to Movies,† The Wall Street Journal, September 27, 2011.

Reflection Paper On Reflection Of Me - 834 Words

The Reflection of Me As look back on this class, I have realized just how much my writing has improved since the beginning of the quarter and the first big assignment. I kind of went from being a writer that really didn’t understand how to correctly write a good essay. To a person who also went from being a writer that was not very confident in her work and one who over thought everything into a person who kind of found her own kind of writing style. Who can quickly and effectively write an essay( also including revision as well ).This portfolio was made so that I can show off what i have learned from this class, and show off just how much I have improved as a writer.The work that I’m going to be showing, is work that I have made some†¦show more content†¦However there are also things that I realized works well for me in my writing. Unlike what I thought in the beginning of the quarter, I write much better when I make a general outline and write out the paper without correcting myself as I go. Which is a really good thing to do because each essay that is in the portfolio, are all different type of essay with different components that you are suppose to be included in the essay. For an Example, first essay I did was â€Å"Explanatory synthesis essay,which was over Obedience and its role in our society. This is essay is called,†Understanding Obedience role in society†(Essay 1).We had to identify relationships among sources so that readers can gain better understanding of key terminologies,philosophies and ideologies for a specific topic.Which should include a clearly stated thesis and follow an organizational structure discussed in class. 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